The rising cost of school uniforms is emerging as a barrier to education for secondary students across Aotearoa, with new research revealing some rangatahi are missing school because they cannot afford the correct clothing.
The study, led by University of Otago Wellington researchers, examined experiences across three co-educational state secondary schools and found a concerning number of students had stayed home due to not having a full or suitable uniform.
Students reported a range of challenges, including worn-out clothing, uniforms that no longer fit, and not having enough items to manage regular washing. In some cases, siblings were sharing uniform pieces, adding further pressure on already stretched whānau.
Cost was identified as a major issue, with around one in five students saying their families struggled to afford uniform items. Even in relatively well-off school communities, financial pressure was still evident.
The research also found some families were forced to borrow money to cover uniform costs, including taking out loans through Work and Income that would later need to be repaid. Others relied on layby systems, instalment payments, or support from schools, charities, and extended whānau.
Māori and Pacific students from lower-income households were found to be disproportionately affected, reporting higher levels of stress around uniform costs and greater reliance on financial assistance to meet requirements.
The study highlighted the resourcefulness of rangatahi, with many finding creative ways to meet uniform expectations through cheaper alternatives or substitute items. However, these solutions often made socioeconomic differences more visible, undermining the intended purpose of uniforms as a leveller among students.
Some students reported managing with only one set of core uniform items, while others wore non-compliant clothing when they had no other option. There were also concerns about students being excluded from sports and activities because they could not afford specific uniform requirements.
Researchers say while families recognise the long-term value of school uniforms, the upfront and ongoing costs remain a significant burden, particularly for those already facing financial hardship.
The study is calling for stronger government involvement, including increased funding support for schools in high-deprivation areas and a shift from loans to grants for families struggling with uniform costs. It also recommends clearer guidelines around uniform policies to reduce unnecessary expenses, such as limiting branded items and allowing multiple suppliers.
There are also calls for schools to review requirements around costly items and ensure expectations are realistic, particularly for younger students who quickly outgrow uniforms.
The findings highlight a growing equity issue within the education system, with concerns that financial barriers are preventing some students from fully participating in school life.
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