Kiwis are being urged to learn the difference between invasive pampas grass and native toetoe as environmental groups warn the weed is spreading rapidly across Aotearoa’s coastlines, wetlands and restoration areas.
Experts say pampas grass is often mistaken for native toetoe, but the South American plant is a serious environmental pest that smothers native ecosystems, increases fire risk and provides shelter for pests including rats and possums.
Conservation organisations say many New Zealanders unknowingly allow pampas to grow because of its similarity to toetoe, one of Aotearoa’s iconic native grasses that holds ecological and cultural importance.
Native toetoe has long flowing drooping flower heads and leaves with visible veins running alongside the midrib, while pampas produces upright fluffy plumes and leaves that snap more easily when pulled. Pampas also forms dry curled leaf bases that can become a significant fire hazard during summer.
Environmental groups warn pampas spreads aggressively through windborne seeds and quickly takes over disturbed land, wetlands and dune systems, crowding out native species and making regeneration difficult.
Toetoe, by comparison, plays an important role in stabilising wetlands, riverbanks and coastal areas while supporting native biodiversity. The plant also has deep cultural significance for Māori, traditionally used for weaving, thatching, rongoā and ceremonial purposes.
Experts are encouraging people to remove pampas from private properties and restoration projects and replace it with genuine native toetoe sourced from reputable nurseries.
The warning comes as councils and conservation groups continue efforts to reduce the spread of invasive weeds threatening indigenous ecosystems across the country.
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