New research examining the long-term impacts of language suppression has reignited discussion about the intergenerational trauma experienced by Māori as a result of the loss of te reo Māori.
According to findings released on Scoop, the research explores how historic policies that discouraged or punished the use of te reo Māori-particularly in schools-have had lasting psychological, cultural and social effects on Māori communities. Researchers say the impacts extend well beyond language loss, affecting identity, confidence, and connections to whakapapa and tikanga.
The study highlights that for many Māori, te reo Māori is not simply a means of communication but a carrier of knowledge, values and belonging. When the language was actively suppressed through state policy, many whānau internalised shame and fear around speaking te reo-emotions that have been passed down through generations.
Researchers note that older Māori who were punished for speaking their language at school often chose not to teach te reo to their children as a form of protection. While understandable, this contributed to a rapid decline in fluency and a sense of disconnection for later generations.
The research also points to the emotional burden carried by younger Māori who are now reclaiming the language. While revitalisation efforts have grown significantly through kōhanga reo, kura kaupapa and tertiary programmes, many learners report feelings of grief, anger and loss alongside pride and reconnection.
From a health and wellbeing perspective, the study suggests unresolved language-related trauma can contribute to anxiety, whakamā and lower self-esteem. Researchers argue that language revitalisation must therefore be supported not only through education policy, but through culturally grounded mental health and healing approaches.
The findings add weight to calls for stronger protection and resourcing of te reo Māori, including safe spaces for learning, intergenerational language transmission, and recognition of the harm caused by past policies.
As Aotearoa continues to promote te reo Māori as a taonga and an official language, the research serves as a reminder that revitalisation is not just about increasing speaker numbers, but about healing the wounds left by decades of suppression.
For Māori communities, the study affirms what many have long known: restoring te reo Māori is both an act of cultural survival and a pathway to collective healing.
